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Researching Secondary Sources in Law

This guide is designed as an introduction to researching secondary legal sources. Secondary sources are about the law rather than the law itself. They are great research tools that can save you time and money.

Overview

Law Reviews are scholarly legal publications published by law schools or other organizations.  Examples here at UC are the University of Cincinnati Law Review, Intellectual Property and Computer Law Journal, Immigration and Human Rights Law Review, Freedom Center Journal, and Human Rights Quarterly. 

Law reviews can be great sources of information because they can give good policy arguments, broad background information, focus in on narrow topics, as well as cover very cutting edge and controversial topics.

Other types of periodicals that you will come across include legal magazines, newspapers, and newsletters. These are usually more practitioner oriented.  They give practical information on the practice of law and serve as current awareness functions. 

Legal Periodical Indexes

Note that these are indexes, not full-text sources. The index will give you the citation to an article which you would then need to retrieve if you wanted to review the full-text. There may be some overlap in coverage by the indexes but each covers some periodicals that the others do not.

Full-Text Legal Periodical Sources

Due to subscription and licensing agreements, certain library resources are restricted to UC faculty, staff, and currently enrolled students. Some of these databases are available to the entire University of Cincinnati community. Others are restricted to the College of Law.

CALI Lesson on Periodicals Indexes and Library Catalogs

CALI LogoAvailable to Law Students only (see a reference librarian if you do not have a CALI activation code).

Video Tutorials on Legal Periodicals

Consecutively Paginated Legal Periodicals

Bluebook

Rule 16 & B16 of The Bluebook (22nd ed. 2025) covers the citation of law reviews and other legal periodicals. 

Consecutively paginated law reviews and journals (R. 16.4, B16.1.1)

For articles appearing in legal periodicals that keep page numbering throughout the same volume and do not restart page numbering with each new issue..

Elements

The citation should include the following:

  • Author's name
  • If the article is written by a student author, the designation of the piece such as note, comment, book review, recent case, etc. (see R. 16.7.1 & B16.1.3)
  • Title of the article (in italics or underlined)
  • Volume number (if no volume, use the year as the volume and don't put the year at the end)
  • Abbreviation of journal name (See T.10 and T.13)
  • The beginning page number (if pinpoint citing, include the beginning page number and the pinpoint cite)
  • Year (don't use issues, months, seasons etc.)
Databases & Online Sources

Follow R. 16 but add a citation to the database. Use a database identifier if one is available. See R. 16.8.

Example:

Charles A. Reich, The New Property, 73 Yale L.J. 733, 737-38 (1964).

Delaney Cook, Student Note and Comment, When Courts Collide: How Statutory Interpretation Divides the Fifth and Eighth Circuits on Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act, 93 U. Cin. L. Rev. 799 (2025).

Short Form:

Use Id. or Supra -- See R. 16.9

ALWD

Rule 21 of The ALWD Citation Manual (7th ed.) covers the citation of periodicals.

Consecutively paginated law reviews and journals

Elements

The citation should include the following:

  • Author
  • Designation of the work (case note, note, etc.)
  • Title (italicized or underlined)
  • Volume (if no volume put the year and don't repeat the year at the end)
  • Periodical Abbreviation (see Appendix 5)
  • Page (if pinpoint citing, include the beginning page number and the pinpoint cite)
  • Year (don't use issues, months, seasons etc.)
Example

Charles A. Reich, The New Property, 73 Yale L.J. 733, 737-38 (1964).

Delaney Cook, Student Note and Comment, When Courts Collide: How Statutory Interpretation Divides the Fifth and Eighth Circuits on Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act, 93 U. Cin. L. Rev. 799 (2025).

Nonconsecutively Paginated Legal Periodicals

Bluebook

Rule 16 & B16 of The Bluebook (22nd ed. 2025) covers the citation of law reviews and other legal periodicals. 

Nonconsecutively paginated periodicals (R. 16.5 & B16.1.2)

For articles appearing in legal periodicals that restart their page numbering with each new issue.

Elements

The citation should include the following:

  • Author
  • Title of the article (in italics or underlined)
  • Abbreviation of journal name (see T. 6,10 & 13)
  • Date as it appears on the cover (if no date of issue is available, provide the issue number and indicate the volume number before the title)
  • the word "at"
  • The beginning page number (if pinpoint citing, include the beginning page number and the pinpoint cite)

Newspapers (R. 16.6 & B16.1.4)

 The citation format for newspapers and newsletters is largely the same as for nonconsecutively paginated periodicals. See your Bluebook for specific exceptions involving special designations, place of publication etc.

Databases & Online Sources (R. 16.6, 16.8)

Follow R. 16 and include a citation to the database or URL. If there is a specific database identifier, provide it. Online newspapers may be used instead of print publications but authors and cite checkers should be aware of paywalls that may impede readers from accessing the source.

Examples

Susan A. Berson, Starting Up: If You're Hanging a Shingle in 2011, A.B.A. J., Jan. 2011, at 40.

Catie Edmondson et al., Senate G.O.P. Unveils Domestic Policy Package With Big Medicaid Cuts, N.Y. Times, June 17, 2025, at A13.

Kaycee Sloan, What Pardon Means for Sittenfield, Cin. Enquirer, May 30, 2025, at A9, 2025 WLNR 13205076.

Short Forms

Use Id. or Supra.-- See R. 16.9

ALWD

Rule 21 of The ALWD Citation Manual (7th ed.) covers the citation of periodicals.

Elements

The citation should include the following:

  • Author
  • Title of the article (in italics or underlined)
  • Abbreviation of journal name (see Appendix 5)
  • Date as it appears on the cover (if no date of issue is available, provide the issue number and indicate the volume number before the title). Use abbreviations from Appendix 3.
  • the word "at"
  • The beginning page number (if pinpoint citing, include the beginning page number and the pinpoint cite)

Newspapers

Elements
  • Author
  • Title
  • Volume (if exists)
  • Publication Title (abbreviate per Appendices 3 & 5)
  • Include place of publication in a parenthetical if the place is not evident from the publication name
  • Date (abbreviate per Appendix 3) -- skip this if it is an online newspaper
  • Initial page (include the section if sections exist).
  • If it is an online newspaper, add a parenthetical with the date and time of posting and then follow with the URL
Examples

Susan A. Berson, Starting Up: If You're Hanging a Shingle in 2011, 97 A.B.A. J., Jan. 2011, at 40.

Catie Edmondson et al., Senate G.O.P. Unveils Domestic Policy Package With Big Medicaid Cuts, N.Y. Times, June 17, 2025, at A13.

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